LIVELIHOOD AND OCCUPATIONAL DIVERSITY- INTRODUCTION, EFFECTS, AGRICULTURE, FISHING, INDUSTRY AND TOURISM

 LIVELIHOOD AND OCCUPATIONAL DIVERSITY- INTRODUCTION, EFFECTS, LIVELIHOOD IN AGRICULTURE, FISHING, INDUSTRY AND TOURISM

INTRODUCTION

·        The term livelihood means as a “means of living, maintenance, especially to earn, gain, get, make, and seek a livelihood”.

·        It comprises the abilities, assets and activities required for a means of living, and maintenance.

·        With advancement of civilization, people find work in industry and service sector. For this they have to migrate to cities.     

EMPLOYMENT OF WORK FORCE

·         It was estimated that agriculture accounted for 16.1% of GDP, Industry 25.6% and services 55.3%.India has a total labour force of 478.3 million people.

Within that labour force contains:

  52% were employed in agriculture.

·        14% in Industry.

·        34% in service.

EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION

1. Occupation and livelihoods have seen changes due to industrialization.

2. People migrated from rural to urban areas.

3. Pattern of livelihood of people has been change.

4. Change in work culture.

5. Growth of service sector.

6. New Job opportunities.

 DIVERSITY AND LIVELIHOODS

1. People living in Indian coast starting from West Bengal towards the south have same pattern of the source of live hoods these people are dependent upon marine products.

2. People living in hilly areas are more dependent on forests for their live hood.

 3. People in Gariwal region are dependent upon forest produce, religious tourism, adventure tourism etc.

4. Usually people belonging to one social group used to work in same group.

5. Previously woman used to work at home, now they are actively participating in economic activates.

6. People having knowledge in classical language such as Sanskrit, Persian and Pali are engaged in work in museum, history and archeology departments.

LIVELIHOOD IN AGRICULTURE

 1. About 60% of the population is employed in the agricultural sector and 60% of the total land is farmed.

2. India’s major crops include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea etc.

3. Non-food crops like Jute, cotton were large enough to both supply and increasing export.

4. India has been famous for its spices and largest producer, consumer and exporter of a wide range of spices.

5. India was the world’s second leading producer of sugarcane.

6. Tea, coffee and rubber plantations contribute to economy.

LIVELIHOOD IN AGRICULTURE

1. About 60% of the population is employed in the agricultural sector and 60% of the total land is farmed.

2. India’s major crops include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea etc.

3. Non-food crops like Jute, cotton were large enough to both supply and increasing export.

4. India has been famous for its spices and largest producer, consumer and exporter of a wide range of spices.

 5. India was the world’s second leading producer of sugarcane.

6. Tea, coffee and rubber plantations contribute to economy.

LIVELIHOOD IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

1. India dedicated 10.4 million hectares to animal husbandry.

2. Hindus believe that cows and other animals may contain reincarnated human souls.

3. There are 8 breeds of buffalo, 26 cattle breeds and numerous crossbreeds.

LIVELIHOOD IN FISHING

1. Fishing is an important secondary source of income to some farmers.

2. Fishing in main source of small fishing villages.

3. Inland fishing is most developed in the channels of Bengal.

4. The Govt. has encouraged ocean fishing. Though the establishment of processing plants and the introduction of deep-sea craft.

5. Fishing harbor have been built along the coasts of the way of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.

 

LIVELIHOOD IN FORESTRY

1. Approximate. 23% of India is covered by forest.

 2. The most important commercial species produced in forests are Sal (10.9% of forest trees), mixed conifers (8.1%), teak (6.8%) fir (3.2%), chirpine (2.4%) and upland hardwood (2.4%).

3. India’s forests historically have suffered tremendous pressure from large human.

 4. Animal population as a source of fuel wood and timber. Livelihood in Industry     Modern industry has advanced fairly.

LIVELIHOOD IN INDUSTRY

Modern industry has advanced fairly rapidly since independence.

Textile production dominates the industrial field.

In the field of computer and consumer Electronics production has been boosted by the liberalization of technology.

India’s cement industry is the second largest in the world. • India’s fertilizer industry is one of the largest in the world.

LIVELIHOOD IN TOURISM

1.     The Miudiyettu, a ritual dance drama performed every year after summer in Kerala since 250 years.

2.     The Chhau, a tribal ritual dance in Orissa, Jharkhand and west Bengal.

3.     The folk songs and dances of the Kabelia community of Rajasthan.

LIVELIHOOD IN RURAL TOURISM

1. Agricultural tourism meant to how farmers work with crops.

2. Cultural Tourism meant how activities like rituals and festivals.

3. Nature tourism meant to conserve natural environment.

4. Adventure tourism meant limits to climbing hills.

5. Ethno tourism meant to expand the horizon to know more about different ethnic and cultural lifestyles.