LIVELIHOOD AND OCCUPATIONAL DIVERSITY- INTRODUCTION, EFFECTS, LIVELIHOOD IN AGRICULTURE, FISHING, INDUSTRY AND TOURISM
INTRODUCTION
·
The term
livelihood means as a “means of living, maintenance, especially to earn, gain,
get, make, and seek a livelihood”.
·
It comprises the
abilities, assets and activities required for a means of living, and
maintenance.
· With advancement of civilization, people find work in industry and service sector. For this they have to migrate to cities.
EMPLOYMENT OF WORK
FORCE
·
It was estimated that agriculture accounted for
16.1% of GDP, Industry 25.6% and services 55.3%.India has a total labour force
of 478.3 million people.
Within
that labour force contains:
52% were employed in agriculture.
·
14% in Industry.
·
34% in service.
EFFECTS OF
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION
1. Occupation and
livelihoods have seen changes due to industrialization.
2. People migrated from
rural to urban areas.
3. Pattern of
livelihood of people has been change.
4. Change in work
culture.
5. Growth of service
sector.
6. New Job
opportunities.
1. People living in
Indian coast starting from West Bengal towards the south have same pattern of
the source of live hoods these people are dependent upon marine products.
2. People living in
hilly areas are more dependent on forests for their live hood.
3. People in Gariwal region are dependent upon
forest produce, religious tourism, adventure tourism etc.
4. Usually people
belonging to one social group used to work in same group.
5. Previously woman
used to work at home, now they are actively participating in economic
activates.
6. People having
knowledge in classical language such as Sanskrit, Persian and Pali are engaged
in work in museum, history and archeology departments.
LIVELIHOOD IN
AGRICULTURE
1. About 60% of the population is employed in the
agricultural sector and 60% of the total land is farmed.
2. India’s major crops
include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea etc.
3. Non-food crops like
Jute, cotton were large enough to both supply and increasing export.
4. India has been
famous for its spices and largest producer, consumer and exporter of a wide
range of spices.
5. India was the
world’s second leading producer of sugarcane.
6. Tea, coffee and
rubber plantations contribute to economy.
LIVELIHOOD IN AGRICULTURE
1. About 60% of the
population is employed in the agricultural sector and 60% of the total land is
farmed.
2. India’s major crops
include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea etc.
3. Non-food crops like
Jute, cotton were large enough to both supply and increasing export.
4. India has been
famous for its spices and largest producer, consumer and exporter of a wide
range of spices.
5. India was the world’s second leading
producer of sugarcane.
6. Tea, coffee and
rubber plantations contribute to economy.
LIVELIHOOD IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
1. India dedicated 10.4
million hectares to animal husbandry.
2. Hindus believe that
cows and other animals may contain reincarnated human souls.
3. There are 8 breeds
of buffalo, 26 cattle breeds and numerous crossbreeds.
LIVELIHOOD IN FISHING
1. Fishing is an
important secondary source of income to some farmers.
2. Fishing in main
source of small fishing villages.
3. Inland fishing is
most developed in the channels of Bengal.
4. The Govt. has
encouraged ocean fishing. Though the establishment of processing plants and the
introduction of deep-sea craft.
5. Fishing harbor have
been built along the coasts of the way of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.
LIVELIHOOD IN FORESTRY
1. Approximate. 23% of
India is covered by forest.
2. The most important commercial species
produced in forests are Sal (10.9% of forest trees), mixed conifers (8.1%),
teak (6.8%) fir (3.2%), chirpine (2.4%) and upland hardwood (2.4%).
3. India’s forests
historically have suffered tremendous pressure from large human.
4. Animal population as a source of fuel wood
and timber. Livelihood in Industry Modern
industry has advanced fairly.
LIVELIHOOD IN INDUSTRY
Modern industry has
advanced fairly rapidly since independence.
Textile production
dominates the industrial field.
In the field of
computer and consumer Electronics production has been boosted by the
liberalization of technology.
India’s cement industry
is the second largest in the world. • India’s fertilizer industry is one of the
largest in the world.
LIVELIHOOD IN TOURISM
1.
The Miudiyettu,
a ritual dance drama performed every year after summer in Kerala since 250
years.
2.
The Chhau, a
tribal ritual dance in Orissa, Jharkhand and west Bengal.
3.
The folk songs
and dances of the Kabelia community of Rajasthan.
LIVELIHOOD IN RURAL
TOURISM
1. Agricultural tourism meant to how
farmers work with crops.
2. Cultural Tourism meant how activities
like rituals and festivals.
3. Nature tourism meant to conserve
natural environment.
4. Adventure tourism meant limits to climbing
hills.
5. Ethno tourism meant to expand the horizon to know
more about different ethnic and cultural lifestyles.
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