The Five 5 Generation of Computer Definition & its Features - Estudy Materials
The Five generations of computer-first-generation, second generation, third generation, fourth generation & fifth generation are characterized by electrical current flowing through the processing mechanisms
DEFINITION OF COMPUTER
- A computer is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations, and operations based on instructions provided by a software or hardware program. It has the ability to accept data (input), process it, and then produce outputs.
- Computers can also store data for later uses inappropriate storage devices, and retrieve it whenever it is necessary
- Modern computers are electronic devices used for a variety of purposes ranging from browsing the web, writing documents, editing videos, creating applications, playing video games, etc.
- They are designed to execute applications and provide a variety of solutions by combining integrated hardware and software components.
FEATURES OF COMPUTER
- Multitasking.
- Accurate & Speed.
- Efficient.
- Reliability.
- Recoverability.
Five Generation Of Computer
1. FIRST GENERATION (1942-1955)-VACUUM TUBES:
- This generation computer used Vacuum tubes as the main electronic component responsible for the processing data.
- These computers were physically large in size and required large rooms for installation.
- Magnetic drums were used for memory.
- These computers produced a large amount of heat due to the large consumption of electricity.
- They performed slow input-output operations. Only machine and assembly language were used.
2. SECOND GENERATION (1955-1964)-TRANSISTORS:
- This generation computer used Transistor in place of vacuum tubes.
- They were much smaller in size and required lesser space for installation.
- Magnetic tapes were used as secondary storage.
- They consumed lesser power and therefore a lesser amount of heat was generated as compared to first-generation computers.
- High-Level languages were used to instruct the computers for performing various tasks.
- High input /output operations speed than first-generation computers.
3. THIRD GENERATION (1964-1975)-INTEGRATED CIRCUITS:
- Integrated Circuits were used instead of vacuum tubes and Transistors.
- The size of these computers was smaller than the earlier computers.
- Magnetic disk used for external storage and storage space available in these computers was much more than an earlier computer.
- They consume less power than second-generation computers.
- They had high processing speed than second-generation computers.
- Monitor and keyboard were used for input and output.
- They were General purpose machines suitable for both scientific and commercial applications.
4. FOURTH GENERATION (1975-1989)-MICROPROCESSORS:
- High-speed Microprocessors were used. Millions of electronic components were integrated on a single microprocessor chip.
- They were much smaller and cheaper than third-generation computers.
- They consumed less power than third-generation computers.
- Graphical user Interface enabled new users to quickly learn how to use computer
- Use of standard high-level languages allowed the program to be transferred from one computer to another's
- Supports more input and output devices or other terminals than previous generation computers
5. FIFTH GENERATION (1989-PRESENT)-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:
- Fifth generation computers, based on artificial intelligence are still in development. Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans.
- The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input (human languages like English, Hindi, and French, etc.) and are capable of learning.
Table of 5 Five Generation Of Computer
Generations of computers | Duration | Evolution of hardware |
---|---|---|
First-generation | The 1940s-1950s | Vacuum tube |
Second generation | The 1950s-1960s | Transistor |
Third generation | The 1960s-1970s | Integrated circuit |
Fourth generation | 1970s-present | Microprocessor |
Fifth-generation | The present and the future | Artificial intelligence |
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